Abstract
Agriculture requires continuous monitoring and timely farming operations to improve productivity and reduce manual labor. This project presents the design and development of a Smart Agricultural Robot that performs major farming operations using IoT technology through the Blynk mobile application.
The robot is developed using an ESP32 microcontroller and is capable of performing essential agricultural tasks such as digging, ploughing, and seeding. These operations are controlled manually by the user through the Blynk mobile application over Wi-Fi connectivity. The robot can move forward, backward, left, and right using control buttons provided in the Blynk interface. Separate switches are provided in the app to operate the digging tool, ploughing mechanism, and seed dispensing unit.
The system also includes a soil moisture sensor and DHT11 sensor to monitor soil condition, temperature, and humidity. Unlike other operations, the water pump for irrigation is controlled automatically based on soil moisture levels. When the soil becomes dry, the pump turns ON automatically, and when sufficient moisture is detected, it turns OFF. This ensures efficient water usage without manual intervention.
This Agricultural Robot reduces human effort, improves farming efficiency, and promotes smart agriculture practices. By combining embedded systems, automation, and IoT-based movement control using Blynk, the project provides a cost-effective and intelligent solution for modern farming.

Introduction
Agriculture is one of the most important sectors that supports human life and economic development. However, traditional farming methods require a large amount of manual labor, time, and physical effort. Farmers face challenges such as labor shortages, increasing operational costs, and the need for efficient resource management. To overcome these problems, automation and smart technologies are being introduced into agriculture.
The Agricultural Robot is a smart farming system designed to perform important agricultural operations using modern embedded and IoT technologies. The robot is built using an ESP32 microcontroller and can perform tasks such as digging, ploughing, and seeding. The movement of the robot (forward, backward, left, and right) and farming operations are controlled remotely using the Blynk mobile application through Wi-Fi connectivity.
In addition to mechanical operations, the system monitors environmental conditions using sensors such as a soil moisture sensor and DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor. The irrigation pump is automatically controlled based on soil moisture levels, ensuring proper water management and reducing water wastage.
This project aims to reduce manual effort, improve farming efficiency, and introduce smart agriculture techniques. By integrating robotics, sensors, and IoT-based control, the Agricultural Robot provides a practical and cost-effective solution for modern farming needs.


Objectives
1. To design and develop a smart agricultural robot using ESP32.
2. To control robot movement (forward, backward, left, right) using the Blynk mobile application.
3. To perform farming operations such as digging, ploughing, and seeding using the robot.
4. To monitor soil moisture, temperature, and humidity using sensors.
5. To automatically control the irrigation pump based on soil moisture level.
6. To reduce manual labor and improve farming efficiency using automation and IoT technology.