Abstract:

This project presents the design and implementation of an autonomous fire-fighting robot using a Raspberry Pi microcontroller.

The system integrates a USB camera for real-time fire detection, an ultrasonic sensor to maintain a safe distance from obstacles, and a relay-controlled water pump for extinguishing fires.

The fire detection algorithm is based on image processing using OpenCV, where the robot identifies the presence of fire based on the analysis of color properties in the HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) space.

Upon detecting fire, the robot triggers the water pump, which is controlled by a relay module. Simultaneously, the ultrasonic sensor continuously measures the distance from the fire or other objects, ensuring the robot remains at a safe operational distance.

The robot’s movement is controlled by a motor driver module, which allows the robot to navigate towards the fire autonomously.

This project discusses the system architecture, hardware design, software implementation, and testing of the prototype.

The proposed system aims to assist in fire prevention and control, particularly in small-scale environments or areas that are hazardous for human intervention.

• Design and Develop an Autonomous Fire-Fighting Robot: To create an autonomous robot capable of detecting and extinguishing small-scale fires without human intervention, using a Raspberry Pi as the central processing unit.
• Implement Real-Time Fire Detection Using Image Processing: To utilize a USB camera and OpenCV for real-time fire detection based on color recognition in the HSV color space, allowing the robot to accurately identify fire.
• Ensure Safe Navigation and Distance Maintenance: To integrate an ultrasonic sensor for continuous distance measurement, ensuring that the robot maintains a safe distance from obstacles and the fire source while navigating toward the fire.
• Automate Fire Suppression Using a Relay-Controlled Water Pump: To control a water pump via a relay module that automatically activates upon fire detection, effectively extinguishing the fire while minimizing water usage.
• Develop a Motor Control System for Autonomous Movement: To implement motor driver circuitry that allows the robot to move autonomously toward the detected fire and adjust its position in response to distance and obstacle data.

Block Diagram