Abstract
Road accidents are a major cause of fatalities due to delays in providing timely medical assistance. To address this issue, this project proposes an Automatic Accident Detection and Emergency Alert System using the ESP8266 microcontroller and IoT technology. The system is designed to automatically detect vehicle accidents and instantly send emergency alerts without human intervention.
The proposed system uses an accelerometer sensor and a vibration sensor to continuously monitor sudden changes in motion, impact, or abnormal vibrations that indicate a possible accident. When the sensor values exceed predefined threshold limits, the ESP8266 processes the data and confirms the occurrence of an accident. A buzzer is activated immediately to alert nearby people, while a manual switch is provided to cancel false alerts within a short time interval.
Once an accident is confirmed, the system retrieves the real-time location using a GPS module and transmits the accident information, including latitude and longitude, to emergency contacts through the Blynk IoT mobile application via Wi-Fi. A motor driver can be integrated to control vehicle safety mechanisms such as engine cutoff or emergency braking. The entire system is powered using rechargeable batteries, ensuring reliable operation even during power failure.
This automated accident detection system significantly reduces emergency response time, improves victim survival chances, and provides an efficient, low-cost solution for enhancing road safety using IoT and wireless communication technologies.
Introduction
Road accidents have become a serious global concern due to the rapid increase in vehicles and traffic congestion. Every year, thousands of lives are lost because accident victims do not receive medical assistance at the right time. In many cases, accidents occur in remote areas or during night hours where immediate help is unavailable, and manual reporting becomes difficult. Delays in emergency response significantly increase the risk of severe injuries or fatalities.
With the advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, it is now possible to design intelligent systems that can automatically detect accidents and alert emergency services without human intervention. Automatic accident detection systems help in reducing response time by instantly sharing accident information and location details with emergency contacts or rescue teams. Such systems play a crucial role in improving road safety and saving lives.
This project presents an Automatic Accident Detection and Emergency Alert System using the ESP8266 microcontroller. The system continuously monitors vehicle movement and vibration using an accelerometer sensor and a vibration sensor. When a sudden impact or abnormal motion is detected, the system identifies it as an accident and triggers an emergency alert. A GPS module is used to obtain the exact location of the accident, which is transmitted to predefined contacts through the Blynk IoT mobile application. A buzzer provides immediate local alert, while a manual switch is included to cancel false alarms.
The proposed system is compact, cost-effective, and reliable, making it suitable for real-time accident detection and emergency notification. By integrating wireless communication and sensor-based monitoring, the system aims to enhance emergency response efficiency and reduce accident-related fatalities.


Objectives
• To detect road accidents automatically using sensors.
• To send emergency alerts without human help.
• To find the accident location using GPS.
• To inform emergency contacts through the Blynk mobile app.
• To alert nearby people using a buzzer.
• To reduce delay in medical help.
• To avoid false alerts using a manual switch.
• To improve road safety using IoT technology.