ABSTRACT:

This paper contributes the design and development of self charging DC motor based electric vehicles. It is also known as self power generating vehicles. It consists of a four gear DC motor, a charging unit and two batteries. A driving wheel of the vehicle coupled to the DC motor and received the torque from the displacement of the driving wheel. The charging unit converts the torque into electrical energy and electrochemical energy stored in the battery. The motor is configured to adapt the electrical energy from the battery into torque this will provide to the driving wheel to displace the vehicle. The proposed model is more eco friendly and easy to drive. The future of the electric vehicle system is based on the lithium ion battery, low cost system, wide range of drive and self charging system.

INTRODUCTION:

Electric vehicles are transforming the various aspects of the transportation sector, carbon emission, repair cost and driving habits. Compared to gasoline vehicles and electric vehicles (EVs) are more fuel efficient due to the optimization, hydrogen production, storage and technical limitations of fuel. Traditional transportation sector is using fossil fuel with massive air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions and it creates a terrible impact on the environment. The electric drive system is an eco-environment friendly system, generates very low carbon emission and removes the barrier of traditional transport sectors. The global Electric vehicle (EV) has taken a very popular and a huge leap ahead in the past decades. This sector has an exceptional boom in the number of EVs worldwide and industry predictions to fulfill the desire of the recent development of EVs. Global plug-in vehicle deliveries in 2019 reached 2264400 units, which are 9% higher than for 2018. This is a clear departure from the growth rates of the last 5 years between 45% to 70% near about. The automobile sectors continued to work on innovation and recent advancement of EV technologies and its associated components such as motors, energy storage systems, power conversion technologies. At the end of 2018, there were approximately 5.2 million chargers for light-duty EVs of which closer to 540000 were public charging stations. The advancement of the EV technology will be focused on different aspects such as vehicle range, cost, battery pack replacement cost, battery pack life and quick and easy recharging. The battery operated vehicle has various advantages such as zero carbon gas emission, energy crisis, high energy efficiency and global warming. The limitations of EV are high initial cost, short driving range, long charging time, commercially available and reduced passenger. The electric vehicle (EV) is one of the best solutions for improving the air quality and accepted by society. The attractive features of SiC and GaN material based power semiconductor devices are used in EVs as compared to Si material incorporated devices in terms of specific on-resistance, breakdown voltage and higher efficiency. This paper has illustrated the state of the art and recent trends of electric vehicle developments from 2002 to 2012. This article incorporates the advancement and development of batteries and electric machines and also elaborated the battery charging concept and self power generating of EV. The literature explains electrical safety and prevention in electric charging of EVs. The main objectives of this article are consideration of degradation, protection failures, cyber attack challenges and mismatch of supply and demands. The charging safety can play an important role in power systems which deploy the smart charging system. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has motivated the creation and deployment of self-driving vehicles in the transport sector. The AI applications are based on perception, decision making and localization and its mapping. The main constraints of AI applications are sensor issues affecting the input of AI approach, complexity, uncertainty, model tuning issues and hardware solving problems. The lightweight Electric vehicle is used mostly in urban areas and uses bidirectional DC-DC converter for EV. Plug-in electric vehicle based agent technique is used for the real time observation of power system models and embedded system approach. This tool demonstrates the optimization algorithm and also reviews two battery aging methods including the depth of discharge and charging process. The fast charging approach includes the various associated factors such as power flow, short circuit, utility upgrade software package and protection of electric vehicles. The recent advancement of the rapid charging technology is used in vehicles and its installation in commercial and residential areas. The existing technique associated the various constraints like voltage sags, flicker and harmonics which may damage the equipment. The fast charging techniques are increasing the demand of electric vehicles and its sustainable growth.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

In this, the electric vehicle is powered by battery through boost converter. A dc generator is coupled with the dc motor which get the vehicle propelled. Once the vehicle starts the generator starts to provide energy to auxiliary battery through buck converter. Once the main battery reached the minimum SOC, the auxiliary battery starts to discharge and main battery starts to charge from the dc generator and the vehicle runs uninterrupted.