ABSTRACT
This project presents the design and implementation of a WiFi-based home automation system using an ESP32 microcontroller. The system enables remote control of household electrical appliances such as a light, fan, and motor through a centralized web server. The ESP32 connects to a WiFi network and periodically sends HTTP requests to a remote API to fetch control commands in JSON format.
Based on the received server response, the ESP32 processes the appliance status values and operates relay modules using active-low logic, allowing appliances to be turned ON or OFF automatically. The use of HTTP communication and JSON parsing ensures reliable, lightweight, and scalable data exchange between the server and the embedded device.
This approach eliminates the need for manual switching and enables real-time monitoring and control of appliances from anywhere with internet access. The proposed system is cost-effective, energy-efficient, and easy to expand, making it suitable for smart homes, offices, and industrial automation applications.
INTRODUCTION
With the rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, home automation systems have gained significant importance in modern society. Traditional electrical control systems rely heavily on manual operation, which can be inconvenient, inefficient, and prone to human error. To overcome these limitations, IoT-based solutions enable users to monitor and control household appliances remotely using internet connectivity.
The ESP32 microcontroller plays a vital role in smart automation due to its built-in WiFi capability, low power consumption, and high processing performance. By connecting the ESP32 to a wireless network, real-time communication between the user and home appliances becomes possible through a centralized server. This allows appliances such as lights, fans, and motors to be controlled from any location using web-based commands.
In this project, a WiFi-based home automation system is developed using the ESP32 microcontroller and an HTTP server. The ESP32 periodically sends HTTP GET requests to a remote API and receives appliance control data in JSON format. Based on the received data, relay modules are operated using active-low logic to switch the appliances ON or OFF automatically.
The proposed system improves user convenience, energy efficiency, and safety by reducing unnecessary power consumption and enabling remote appliance management. Due to its simple architecture, low cost, and scalability, the system can be easily extended to include additional devices, sensors, or mobile applications, making it suitable for smart homes, offices, and industrial environments.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
• To design and develop a WiFi-based home automation system using the ESP32 microcontroller.
• To enable remote control of household appliances such as lights, fans, and motors through internet connectivity.
• To fetch appliance control data from a web server using HTTP communication.
• To process JSON-formatted data and operate appliances using relay modules.
• To reduce energy wastage by allowing timely switching ON and OFF of appliances.
• To provide a low-cost, reliable, and easy-to-use automation solution for residential applications.
• To improve user convenience and support future expansion of the system